Botulinum A Toxin Intravesical Injections in the Treatment of Refractory Overactive Bladder in Patients with Parkinson's Disease

In Parkinson’s disease (PD) non-motor symptoms including urinary disorders have been recognized as important features of the disease (Emre, 2003; Hely et al., 2005; Mathias, 2002; Pfeiffer, 2003; Rojo et al., 2003; Senard et al., 1997; Winge et al., 2003; Lang & Obeso, 2004). In this chapter we will review the clinical features, the pathophysiology and the treatment of urinary disturbances in PD. We will also discuss recent data on the use of intradetrusorial botulinum A toxin injections (BoNT/A) (Giannantoni et al., 2009; Giannantoni et al., 2011).